ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore a new teaching method for tourniquets based on BOPPPS teaching model with a goal of unconscious competence, and to maximally increase trainees' application effectiveness of tourniquets.Methods:Theoretic teaching was conducted in accordance with BOPPPS framework; practical curriculum design was made based on a reinforcing stimulus, which was needed in the progress changes within the "unconscious incompetence → conscious incompetence → conscious competence → unconscious competence". This new teaching method was used to train base-force soldiers' rescue skills, and its effect was compared with that of traditional teaching method. The data was analyzed by SPSS 19.0.Results:Trainees who received this new method of training were faster to use tourniquets than those who received traditional method.Conclusion:Applying the BOPPPS model and the conditioned reflex principle which reflected from unconscious incompetence to unconscious competence in the teaching of tourniquets can effectively improve trainees' skills, gaining better results in teaching.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the relations between dietary intake during pregnancy and the incidence of their babies with small for gestational age (SGA).@*Methods@#Data on demographics, dietary intake of protein, fat, and carbohydrates of the pregnant mothers during the first, second and third trimester, were collected. Information related to birth weight and gestational age of the infants were also gathered. A total of 8 102 women, who delivered their babies at the First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from March 2012 to September 2016, were enrolled in this project. Among them, 961 mothers had infants with SGA but the other 7 141 of them having normal infants. Unconditional logistic regression model was used to analyze the effect of dietary nutrient intake on SGA the first, second and third trimester.@*Results@#We found that low dietary intake of protein during the first trimester and following trimesters during pregnancy were positively associated with higher risk of SGA (OR=1.534, 95%CI: 1.217-1.934; OR=1.268, 95%CI: 1.005-1.599; OR=1.310, 95%CI: 1.036-1.655). When adjusting for maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, we found that when mothers were with a pre-pregnancy BMI less than 18.5 or with low maternal intake of protein during the first trimester, positive association with higher risk of SGA (OR=1.872, 95%CI: 1.033-3.395; OR=1.754, 95%CI: 1.125-2.734), was noticed. However, for mothers with a pre-pregnancy BMI between 18.5 and 24.0 or with low protein intake during the first trimester, significant association with higher risk of SGA (OR=1.465, 95%CI: 1.089-1.972) was found.@*Conclusions@#Through our observation, maternal dietary intake during pregnancy seemed to be associated with the risk of SGA but the effects of dietary intake were different, according to the BMI of pre-pregnancy population. Early pregnancy appeares as the key period for dietary intake which may influence the SGA.